Before Surgery
Supplements of anti-oxidants as vitamin C might be useful to deal with oxidative stress. If not useful they do not harm.
During Surgery : updated microsurgical principles
Technique of surgery
Strict antiseptic measures
Reduce duration of surgery but remain safe
Gentle tissue handling : reduce as much as reasonable grasping, pulling and pushing, with as little force as possible. A minimal trauma damages mesothelial cell integrity.
Moisten gauzes or packs when used.
Prevent bleeding and prevent fibrin deposition by lavage.
Reduce de-vascularized or ischaemic tissue as much as practically possible. Thus avoid excessive coagulation and unnecessarily deep and tight suturing.
Prevent damage to the mesothelial cells in the entire peritoneal cavityReduce duration of surgery but remain safe
Gentle tissue handling : reduce as much as reasonable grasping, pulling and pushing, with as little force as possible. A minimal trauma damages mesothelial cell integrity.
Moisten gauzes or packs when used.
Prevent bleeding and prevent fibrin deposition by lavage.
Reduce de-vascularized or ischaemic tissue as much as practically possible. Thus avoid excessive coagulation and unnecessarily deep and tight suturing.
Use a cell friendly solution for irrigation eg Ringers lactate, at RT or at 30°C maximum
During laparoscopy with CO2 pneumoperitoneum
During laparoscopy with CO2 pneumoperitoneum
Reduce insufflation pressure as much as possible
Add 10% of N2O
Humidify
Cool the cavity to some 30 °
Add 10% of N2O
Humidify
Cool the cavity to some 30 °
During open surgery : instillate 1 to 2 L
of a similar gas deep in the surgical wound and aspirate to avoid OR
contamination. This should prevent desiccation and oxidative stress by
the 20% of oxygen in air
At the end of surgery
Extensive lavage until the liquid is clear. This can require up to 8L and should comprise also the upper abdomen.Dexamethasone 5 mg IM
Apply a barrier to keep opposing lesions separated
Ovariopexie to keep the ovaries out of the pelvis might is useful but this is unclear. If performed it is unclear for how long.
After surgery
Do not delay unnecessarily long drinking and re-alimentation in order to resume bowel movements as early as possible.Start prophylactic antibiotics when the risk of infection is increased such as after opening the vagina or the bowel
Content approved and/or updated by
Philippe R. Koninckx , Prof em OBGYN KULeuven Belgium, Univ of Oxford-Hon Consultant, UK, Univ Cattolica, Roma, Moscow State Univ. ; Gruppo Italo Belga, Villa del Rosario Rome Italy ; Anastasia Ussia Gruppo Italo Belga, Villa del Rosario Rome Italy, Consultant Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy,Reference List
- Gomel V, Koninckx PR. Microsurgical principles and postoperative adhesions: lessons from the past. Fertil Steril. 2016;106:1025-1031.
- Koninckx PR, Gomel V. Introduction: Quality of pelvic surgery and postoperative adhesions. Fertil Steril. 2016;106:991-993.
- Koninckx PR, Gomel V, Ussia A, Adamyan L. Role of the peritoneal cavity in the prevention of postoperative adhesions, pain, and fatigue. Fertil Steril. 2016;106:998-1010.
- Donnez J, Binda MM, Donnez O, Dolmans MM. Oxidative stress in the pelvic cavity and its role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 2016;106:1011-1017.
- Mutsaers SE, Prele CM, Pengelly S, Herrick SE. Mesothelial cells and peritoneal homeostasis. Fertil Steril. 2016;106:1018-1024.
- Diamond MP. Reduction of postoperative adhesion development. Fertil Steril. 2016;106:994-997.
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